If a Brahmin marry Baishya(Mongoloids, Chettri, Newars etc) then the couple automatically considered . Since the promulgation of the Muluki Ain (Legal Code) in 1854, the caste categorization in Nepal is taken as the primary organizing principle and the major determinant of social identity. Brahman and Chhetri are high Hindu Nepalese castes. Though the Newah are scattered throughout Nepal, they are primarily concentrated in the Katmandu Valley and in surrounding countries. Khas Chhetris were traditionally considered a division of the Khas people with Khas Brahmin (commonly called Khas Bahun). While this is being said, we also have to acknowledge that this division of caste has created discrimination. In simple terms, Gotra means the clan a person belongs to in Hindu society. The restructuring also yielded power to newly formed Malla aristocracy of the Chathariya Shrestha who formed the new powerful aristocratic caste of the Malla kingdom. There is a belief that people from the same Gotra descended from a common ancestor. Therefore, as a visitor to the settlement we will often be called brother or sister. The villages are generally situated near rivers or springs, and the homes are connected by footpaths. Most of the farmers raise buffalo and goats for meat and cows for milk. Chhetri belongs to the Indo-Arya which is part of the Kshatriya varna, and speak mainly Nepali. It will be pretty hard to identify someone if everyone had the same caste. Currently, Newars are divided into groups of over 25 occupational caste categories who share a common language (mother-tongue) Nepal Bhasa or speak Nepali. Another important festival is the Tihar festival Dipavali, a festival of lights lasting five days. are found . A lot of youths do not care about things such as caste. We recommend against using %Christian Adherent and %Evangelical to calculate absolute numbers. Chhetri and Newar (BCN) clearly suggests a need for empirical research (Das and Hatlebakk, 2010). Thapas were supported by Kunwars due to blood relations. The Nepalese caste system broadly borrows the classical Hindu Chaturvarnashram model, consisting of four broad social classes or varna: Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Sudra. Nepal: Growth of a Nation. Different surnames in Angiras gotra are Joshi, Shahi, Sedhai. Warriorhood, governance, administration, honesty and integrity has been linked to Kshetris. [1] Among them, the district with largest Chhetri population is Kathmandu district with 347,754 (i.e. "Chapter 3. Objects owned by the deceased are donated to the priest who led the ceremony. People of the mountain belt wear thick and long woolen clothes called Baku and Doha. This greatly exceeds the Kshatriya portion in most regions with predominantly Hindu populations. Instead, nature worship, shamanism and ancestor worship was more common in sync with Tibetan spirituality among the Sino-Tibetan groups. There are many different gotras among the Brahmin community in Nepal, and each gotra has its own set of customs and traditions. Regardless of which caste or ethnicity you belong to, it is just a form of identification but nothing more. Terai and Newar Brahmins and Kshatriyas were officially placed below their Khas equivalents. Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha Kingdom (later . Upper-caste Newars remain the most over-represented community in terms of socio-political access. Dhimal Caste. Mandabya was a great sage as per Hindu texts. The Nepalese Chhetri are the major ethnic group in Nepal. Most of the Newar are Hindus, but some practice an Indian form of Buddhism. [23] In terms of education, 88.0% of Khas Brahmins & Chhetris, and Newars have access to school, 12.0% have never been to school. Another gotra Kashyap came to be from Rishi Kashyap. Khas Brahmins come next with an average income of Rs. [18] Jung Bahadur Rana, founder of Rana dynasty also belonged to the Chhetri community. - Few evangelicals, but significant number who identify as Christians. 26 million with absent population of 1.9 million and growth rate of 1.35% per annum. of them were women, and 44% were the Brahmins and Chhetri caste. Furthermore, many of us have little knowledge about the category of caste we fall into. - Few evangelicals and few who identify as Christians. They often opposed each other. Brahmins: The word Brahmin translates to "Supreme Self" or the first of the gods. Everyone works on the field, but the woman spends more time during the day on housework and in the field. According to the 2011 census, 81.3% of the Nepalese population is Hindu, 9.0% are Buddhist, 4.4% are Muslim, 3.0% are Kiratist (indigenous ethnic religion), 1.4% are Christian, 0.1% are Sikhs, 0.1% are Jains and 0.7% follow other . . Given below is a list of Gotra and Thari in Nepal: Courier/Cargo/Logistics Company in Kathmandu,Nepal, Best Ayurveda Hospitals/Clinics in Kathmandu,Nepal, Chauchau Recipes All You Need To Know About. In 1951AD, democracy was established and Kshetri rule were stopped. [7] Shukra Raj Shastri (1894-1941), Freedom Fighter, Martyr. In Nepal, two types of dances are occurred, namely classical and folk dances. Kashyap gotra, kaushik gotra, bhardwaj gotra, kaundinya gotra and more. Also Gandharva and Rakshas marriages are not allowed. 46, No. Only the poorest families do not own land. Kshetri are not allowed to eat beef, buffalo, pig, felines and all wild forms of them as per Hindu rituals for Kshatriya. Series of Aryan migration to Kathmandu led to increased population and formation of a complex urban and caste-based society. At the end of the eighteenth century, Nepal was united by kings who were the ancestors of Thakuri the aristocratic wing of the Chhetri caste. The Nepalese caste system was the traditional system of social stratification of Nepal. [16] The law also comprised Pryacitta (avoidance and removal of sin) and cra (the customary law of different castes and communities). They speak Nepali, which is the country's official language. Goats, sheep and all variations and forms of them, are fully allowed. Dhimal Caste is an old tribal Bhumiputra who has been living in Morang, Sunsari and Jhapa in the present Terai region of Eastern Nepal since time immemorial with very close ties with land, water and forest. Pray that God will encourage and strengthen the Nepalese who have converted to Christianity. Acharya > Bahun > Kaudinya (Purbiya) 2. Sources mention two hundred eighty-four Khas surnames exist as of today. A displayed zero can mean true zero, a very small rounded number or sometimes unknown. That's approximately 4.3 percent of the total Indian . 7188, This page was last edited on 5 October 2022, at 18:20. The Journal of Asian Studies, Vol. So lets make our world a better place and treat each other as humans and peers rather than people of castes. Despite the forceful integration by the state into the pan-Hindu social structure, the traditionally non-Hindu groups and tribes do not necessarily adhere to the customs and practices of the caste system. Often the relationship is with a person from another village and usually the parents use the intermediary. Pal would be Parbatiya Thakuri Bhul chhetri ra dalit kasari bhaya yo bisayama thap samagri bhaya janakari pauna hajur. 4. Here are some most common Nepali surnames - Adhikari, Poudel/Paudel,Bhatttarai,Nepal,Dahal,Regmi,Khanal,Ghimire,Pokharel,Magar,Shreshtha,Gurung,Rai. Arjal. Brahmans are known in Nepali as "Bahuns." The Achut perform the most polluted tasks, such as cleaning bathrooms. ethnic identity, or the caste system in Nepal. . [1], As per the Public Service Commission of Nepal, Brahmins (33.3%) and Chhetris (20.01%) were two largest caste group to obtain governmental jobs in the fiscal year 201718, even though 45% governmental seats are reserved for women, Madhesis, lower caste and tribes, and other marginalized groups. Karanjit > Newar > Bha Many surnames also immediately tell those in Paper presented at National Dialogue Conference on ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 1920 January 2005. Nepal Visa Requirements. Chicken, duck and goose are debatable and allowance is regionally dependent. Full list of family names of hilly, Himalayas, terai, Madhesh regions. Even if death takes place elsewhere, within a few hours the body is cremated on the river and the ashes of the body of the deceased are thrown into it. Khas/Kshetri or Khas/Chhetri (Nepali: ) are Turanid Ab-Original Native From of people belonging to Turkic-Mongol Mixed caste in Khas group, a Altaic ethno-linguistic group (see Altaic languages).Generally, the Parvate/Pahari (hilly) Kshatriyas are called as Kshetris or Khas Kshetris.Many historians called Kshetris as Decendents Of Magars. Most houses have two or more stories. The highest caste was always Brahmins, holding positions of priests and teachers in the Hindu community. In this process the left outs were oppressed class (Dalits), women, the poorest of the poor, powerless and the second class citizen and indigenous nationalities (Adivasi Janajatis). It is a form of millennium old ancient worship continued till date. Hope you find the information you are searching for here in this article. people's perception of their own social situation has more to do with geography and objective social class, than with their association with the groups that the state has based its internal social policy on. [7] The existing caste structure as introduced by the Lichhavis was later fundamentally restructured during the reign of King Jayasthiti Malla (1380-1394). The costumes of the community become costumes of folk dancers and folk dance has been practiced in our . The mothers communities continue to suffer from caste-based were included in the study if . If the funeral ritual is not celebrated, the deceased can not go further and instead will haunt the living in the form of an evil spirit. Agirl during the first menstruation is transferred to another house, where she is hidden by the eyes of men from her family and from sunlight. . The Newar population of Nepal was estimated to be about 1,250,000 in the early 21st century. They are descended from old warriors of Khas Kingdom. Ahntastic Adventures in Silicon Valley The Chhetri are divided into many descent groups with names variously associated with place-names in the Karnali region or representing occupations. Gurung, H. (2005). Introduction / History. The population of Khas-Chhetris constitutes 17.6% but its participation is mere 14.7%. Madhusudan Subedi. Returning home formally is considered a woman, a member of the caste. Historically, they practiced Hindu polytheism and shamanism. Their moral values and social and political strength continue to play a commanding part in contemporary Nepalese life. The kitchen and living quarters are often located upstairs to keep them free of pollution by stray animals that might wander into the house. Scripture Prayers for the Chhetri in Nepal. Music, theater and fine arts have traditionally been the domain of other, usually lower, castes, and, with the exception of the educated residents of the cities, Brahmins and Chhetri are not interested in art. 10.3126/hjsa.v4i0.4672. Table of population composition by caste/ethnic groups, 2001 AD. Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha . [6], The earliest detailed record of the caste system in Nepal has been found in Kathmandu Valley from the 5th century CE during the Licchavi period (400-750 CE) with mentions of the presence of Brahmans (Vedic priests) and Chandala (untouchables). In the times of unification of Nepal, Kshetris were more rigid to worship of ferocious forms of Godess Kali and Lord Shiva. However, people have been disseminating information about the need to change this system. Working-class persons in urban areas who must make a living by selling their labour power. Jaari marriage i.e. In urban areas, both castes have the privilege to serve government, political and financial industries. [2][3], Chhetri is considered a direct derivative of the Sanskrit word Kshatriya. Kshetris are the second largest Hindu group with Hindu population of 43,65,113 (99.3% of Kshetris) as per the 2011 Nepal census. The Nepali civil code Muluki Ain was commissioned by Jung Bahadur Rana after his European tour and enacted in 1854. Chhetris, who look like the Brahmins also have an Indo-Aryan origin, have been traditionally classified as warriors and administrators. "Nepal: Deadly caste-based attacks spur outcry over social discrimination | DW | 16.06.2020", "Birenda, 55, Ruler of Nepal's Hindu Kingdom". There are many different origins of . Magar Thapa are member of Tibeto-Burmese ethno-linguistic society whose language, culture and background is Tibeto-Burmese. There they encountered a Khas caste, people of a Brahmin-like culture, who in the caste . The legacy of parents passes only to the son. People Group Location: Omid. In 1854, early in the period of Rana rule, a National Legal Code (Muluki Ain) was proclaimed that laid out detailed codes for inter-caste behavior and specified punishments for their infringement.[11]. The venerated sage in Hindu culture is behind the Bishwamitra gotra. The Newah, one of the most cultured ethnic groups in Nepal, were the country's earliest inhabitants. 150. The source of Brahmin and Chhetrich income living in villages is cattle breeding and field cultivation. [8] Among them, most notable migration was the advent of later Malla and Chathariya/Kshatriya and their Maithil Brahmins and others like the Khadgis (butchers), Dobhi, among others, with conquest of Karnat kingdom in 1324 CE by Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, the founder of the Tughlaq dynasty and Sultan of Delhi. They are Khas Chhetri, Brahmin and Newar Kshatriya. Brahmini and Chhetri receive medical help from various sources, both from Ayurvedic medicine physicians, from the Buddhist lama if he enjoys the reputation of a healer or from a shaman who recommends treatment by entering into a trance or from a certified doctor of Western medicine. Their simple, primitively decorated houses are an expression of the lack of artistic inspiration, although it is common knowledge that Brahmins like to dance and they know how. Often, however, also unrelated persons, including strangers, are entitled to the same terms. Chhetri was a caste of administrators, governor and military elites in the medieval Khas Kingdom and Gorkha Kingdom (later unified Kingdom of Nepal ). There are . Historically, the caste system justified the subjugation of lower castes, allowing upper-caste Nepalis to use their status to gain security and power. Now knowing where you belong is not only important for the sake of your identity but also for the sake of preserving your cultural heritage as well. Himalayan Journal of Sociology and Anthropology. Dieting rules for Kshetri were decided by Kshetri Birandala (brotherhood). However, everyday home puja is usually made by a woman. [14], The most prominent feature of Nepalese Chhetri society has been the ruling Shah dynasty (17682008)[note 1], the Rana Prime Ministers (18461953), Pande family, Thapa family, Basnyat family,. Her status will be raised when she gives birth to a child, especially when she gives birth to a son. He gained prominence as a scholar in different languages in the Indian subcontinent. Dalit Mahottari district during July-December, 2014. They also had a strong presence in civil administration affairs. What Is your Surname? There they encountered a Khas caste, people of a Brahmin-like culture, who in the caste order never found themselves lower, which is related to their orthodox system of principles. Caste, State, and Ethnic Boundaries in Nepal. In great need of spiritual renewal and commitment to biblical faith. [19], During the monarchy, Chhetris continued to dominate the ranks of the Nepalese government, Nepalese Army, Nepalese Police and administration. Population: Approx. [31] There are no quotas for the Khas community who fall under Bahun-Chhetri-thakuri hierarchy. The girl has a low status in a new family and usually the mother-in-law commissions her most arduous work. who wins student body president riverdale. Paper presented at National Dialogue Conference on ILO Convention 169 on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, Kathmandu, 1920 January 2005. Some of the different castes and the respective dresses worn by them are Bahun, Chhetri, Gutung, Limbu, Magar, Maithili, Newar, Raute, Rai, etc. 38,193. A surname is the family name passed down from generation to generation. [2] With Nepal's step towards freedom and equality, Nepal, previously ruled by a Hindu monarchy, was a Hindu nation which has now become a secular state. The bottom portions of the houses are painted with red clay, and the top halves are whitewashed. From now on as long as her husband is alive a married woman wears vermilion powder on her brocaded brocade. After two weeks, a great feast takes place. . Nepal Population Report, 2002. As the first line of our . This custom was traditionally only prevalent in the three Indo Aryan societies of the Khas, Madhesi, and Newars. [13], In the early modern history of Nepal, Chhetris played a key role in the Unification of Nepal, providing the core of the Gorkhali army of the mid-18th century. [1][12] Gorkha king of the Chaubisi principality, Ram Shah (1609-1636) is noted to have introduced some rules and regulations about relations between different groups of people in the Gorkha kingdom too. They do not marry with the members of their whole maternal clan and members of their parents' maternal families as per popular quote. Brahmin/Bahun: Adhikari. Kshetris served as rulers, administrators, governors and warriors as per their Occupational caste. Most notable contradiction is the inclusion of previously non-Hindu tribes "Adivasi Janajati" groups, as well as non-Nepalis including Muslims and Europeans into the hierarchical fold. Answer (1 of 5): No surnames are pure Brahmins since they can easily get converted to other casts if they marry other than Brahmins as per Nepali culture or we might say as per Brahmins culture. Although they three have same surname, all of them are different. [8] This restructuring was a result of over a millennia of newer Aryan immigrants from the plains since the time of the Lichchavis. There are many rites of passage for children, such as the first rice feeding and the first haircut. [23] These number varied after the democratization of Nepal. For example, Buddha Ratna Shakya in which Buddha is the first name, Ratna is the middle name and Shakya is a surname. Here is the most comprehensive list of Nepali surnames and titles of various ethnic groups of Nepal. Many Chhetrich serve in the Nepalese army or in the Gorkh brigades of the Indian or British army. Basistha surnames are Bhandari, Bhattarai, Suyal, Kharel, Gaire, Mudabhari, Raut, Thangsine, Pathak, Chalise, Gamnage. Sankhadhar Sakhwa (879 AD) philanthropist, related to Nepal Sambat. Joshua Project makes every effort to ensure that the subject in an image is in fact from the specific people group. [1] In Nepal's hill districts the Chhetri population rises to 41% compared to 31% Brahmin and 27% other castes. When this happens people will know how to perform each and every ritual of Nepal, regardless of the Castes. p. 6. Side Note* This list is purely for educational purposes and is here just to give you information. Bratabandha Ceremony in Nepal What is it and How it Gunyo Cholo in Nepal Dress / Ceremony / Age, ()- Pachbhaiya (Maharashtra), ()- Patil (Maharashtra), () Bhandari (Thansinghe), ()- Bhandari (Suntakhane), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Suvedi), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Risala), ()- Rajopadhyaya (Rimal), () Rajopadhyay (Acharya), () Khoptari (Budhathoki), () Ghimire (Chitikhole), (/) Thapa (Bhandari/Bhandare), // Bharadwaj / Atri / Atreya, // Shandilya / Bharadwaja / Kaushik, // Bharadwaj/Atri/Atreya, // Kashyap/Gautam/Bhardwaj, / () Pokhrel/Pokharel (Dangali), (/) Bishta (Kharkhole/Ghyara), () Budhathoki (Shogari), () Budhathoki (Khaptari), () Bhandari (Thansinge), () Bhandari (Suntakhane), () Mahataro (Chhetriya), () Mahatara (Chhetriya), / () Chanyo/Chancho (Thakuri), / () Chan/Chand (Kama Unipyunani), ( ) Thakuri (Syangajali Khamdi), /( ) Thakunna/Thaguna (Sinha Thakuri), ( ) Bama (Rakse Thakuri), ( ) Bama (Chatyala Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Samala Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Parvate Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Doteli Thakuri), ( ) Malla (Achami Thakuri), / () Rana/Ranaji (Kunwar), ( ) Som Vanshi (Achhami Atrithakuri), ( ) Shah (Raskoti Thakuri), ( ) Shah (Meghali Thakuri), ( ) Shah (Kaskeli Khand), ( ) Shah (Kalyal Thakuri). Chhetri is Nepalese local colloquial term for Kshatriya. Moreover, there are concerns about Sagotri marriage practice not just culturally/ morally but from a scientific point of view as well. He created the Gayatri Mantra. What caste is Shahi in Nepal? People from Vishwamitra/ Kaushika gotra use this word as a surname too. How Do Different People Assess Social Change In Nepal? Holmberg, David. Most Kshetri families give goat sacrifices on either Maha Ashtami day or Maha Nawami day of Dashain festival. Social exclusion and Maoist insurgency. according to their caste. The people of the Chhetri and Brahmin caste do not have artistic tendencies. Another revered Rishi in Hindu mythology is Vatsa after whom Vatsa gotra emerged. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Budhiganga Municipality had a population of 21,700. Sanskrit verse from Geeta explains the basis of ethics Kshetris have derived from: . They also had a strong presence in civil administration affairs. Chhetri. Please. The village affairs are managed by a formally or informally formed council of elders, in which Brahmini and Chhetri often play a significant role due to the status of landowners and relatively high education. Most of the Nepalese are farmers. Worship to these deities were necessary before wars. Nepalese children, whether born to landowners or to servants, are treated well. Men shave their heads for mourning. The National Report says, "Over the last 15-20 years, three groups, namely Sudi, Kalwar and Teli have socially upgraded their status from the water unacceptable to the water acceptable community within the Tarai origin Hindu caste groups."[14][15]. We welcome. Chhetri. The clothes are used according to their geographical belt in Nepal. Rural political life has its own dynamism, independent of changes on the national political scene. How many caste are there in Nepal? Register [20], Participation of Khas-Brahmins in the civil service is 41.3% in spite of its population size of 12.2%. Sometimes she also decides to fight for a higher position herself. Nepal Profile. [3] On 28 May 2008, it was declared a republic,[4] ending the period of the Hindu Kingdom. If you want to get more content related to this tell us in the comment section below. List of ethnic caste-groups in Nepal by population. There are a few things that are a trade secret of your castes. It describes the folk culture of any caste and particular tribes. That caused Kunwars to rise to power and all Kshetris were thrown of power. When they are about eight years old, the children begin doing domestic chores. The man is responsible for the plowing and proper maintenance of the terraces. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, https://books.google.com.np/books?id=gnJuAAAAMAAJ, https://books.google.com.np/books?id=CVLeCQAAQBAJ, " , ", https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kshetri&oldid=8422524, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License. In middle and southern Nepal, the land has been terraced for generations. The surnames which have Maudagalya gotra are Karki, Kuinkel, Upreti, Koirala, Simkhada, Timalsina. Similarly, the Janajati has 32.0% (excluding Newars) of the total population of the country, has representation of 7.1%. Surnames under this gotra are Dumadi, Rai, Nirbansi, Rayal, Alina, Bhatta. The major castes living in Pokhara are Brahmins, Chhetris, Gurungs, Magars and Dalits, mainly following Buddhist and Hindu religions. [5] The nobility of the Gorkha Kingdom mainly originated from Chhetri families. [5]Kunwars claimed royalty and changed their surname to Rana (meaning: King) from Kunwar (meaning: Prince). These societies/ethnicities were: Khas/Parbatiya and Newars in the hills and Madhesis in the plains. The legal recognition to caste and all the discriminatory laws made on the grounds of caste were ceased. In March, the Holi festival takes place, differently Phagu the name comes from the Nepali name of the month Phagun in which people sing, dance and throw each other colorful powder and pour water. Of these, 99.9% spoke Nepali and 0.1% other languages as their first language. During the next year, the shraddha ceremony, which must be carried out by the son of the deceased, is celebrated. Many people are confused in the two caste "Baniya" and "Bania".Actually, "Baniya" are Chhetri from "Khas" group whereas "Bania" are people of Terai of"Baisha" group. Contact: maya@lifeofus.net. [32] As per the explanation of legal provisions of Constitution of Nepal, Khas Arya comprises the Brahmin, Kshetri, Thakur and Sanyasi (Dashnami) communities. [26], The 2011 Nepal census recorded Chhetris as the largest Hindu adherents in the nation with 4,365,113 people which is 99.3% of total Chhetri population. Amar Singh Thapa based on religious values developed Nishankalika flag after ceremoniously inviting Kalika Bhawani, ancestors, friendly deities and 49 Maruts to reside on the flag. Traditional caste barriers have been broken down as a result of such social mobility. Bhadrakali, a popular form of Goddess Kali, is the main deity of the Nepalese Army (previously Gorkhali Army) due to prevalence of Kshetri commanders. While this may sound offensive, it doesnt have to be. Lixoti In 2001 the CBS recorded only nine groups in the caste-origin Hill Hindu groups. There are also a number of larger towns where the important temples or monasteries are located. Basnyat, Pande and Thapas were most powerful Chhetri groups led by Shivaram Singh Basnyat, Kalu Pande and Birbhadra Thapa at the Unification of Nepal. In front of the house and sometimes on the floor of the room inside the house wonderful colorful pictures are created with the help of colorful sand or dyed rice flour, colored beans and flower petals as an invitation to the holy deities to the house. [24], According to Professor Madhusudan Subedi, economic and political advancements have pushed the caste system to break its stagnancy and status quo. New divisions and differences have given rise to new antagonisms and social norms. They are excluded from and considered ritually unclean by the other classes of Hindus. Houses are usually made of mud-brick with thatch or tin roofs. [10] It also solidified the supremacy of Kanyakubja Brahmin descendants like the Rajopadhyaya Brahmins over other priests like Maithil Brahmins. Mourning after the death of a loved one persists for thirteen days after death, which includes the exclusion of some ingredients from the diet, for example salt.